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Pipe Size Calculator

Residential water supply pipes should carry water at 2–8 ft/sec to prevent noise and erosion. Enter your required flow rate and pipe material to get the minimum pipe diameter and recommended size from standard schedules.

Peak demand: 2.5 GPM per fixture, sum simultaneous fixtures

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How to Use This Calculator

  1. 1Enter your measurements in the fields above. Use the units shown next to each field (ft, in, etc.).
  2. 2Click Calculate to get your material estimate instantly.
  3. 3Review the highlighted result — it shows the key quantity you need to order.
  4. 4Use Copy Results to save your estimate, or bookmark the URL — your inputs are encoded in the link.

Pro tip: Always add 10% to your material order to account for waste, cuts, and defects.

Frequently Asked Questions

What pipe size do I need for a residential main water line?

Most residential main lines use 3/4" or 1" pipe. At a peak demand of 10 GPM, a 3/4" copper pipe carries water at ~7 ft/sec — within the 8 ft/sec limit. For homes with high fixture counts (5+ bathrooms), use 1" main lines.

Why does pipe velocity matter?

Velocity above 8 ft/sec causes water hammer noise, erosion at fittings, and premature pipe failure. Below 2 ft/sec, sediment can accumulate in hot water lines. The sweet spot is 3–6 ft/sec for supply lines.